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Solar photovoltaic systems are mainly divided into off-grid photovoltaic power generation systems and grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems.
     1. The off-grid photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of solar cell components, controllers, and batteries. If you want to supply power to the AC load, you also need to configure an AC inverter.
     2. Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system means that the direct current generated by solar modules is converted into alternating current that meets the requirements of the mains power grid through a grid-connected inverter and then directly connected to the public grid.
The working principle of solar photovoltaic system:
     During the day, under light conditions, the solar cell modules generate a certain electromotive force, and the solar cell array is formed through the series and parallel connection of the modules, so that the voltage of the array can meet the requirements of the input voltage of the system. Then charge the battery through the charge and discharge controller, and store the electric energy converted from light energy.
     At night, the battery pack provides input power for the inverter. Through the function of the inverter, the DC power is converted into AC power, which is transmitted to the power distribution cabinet, and the power is supplied by the switching function of the power distribution cabinet. The discharge of the battery pack is controlled by the controller to ensure the normal use of the battery. The photovoltaic power station system should also have limited-load protection and lightning protection devices to protect the overload operation of the system equipment and avoid lightning strikes, and to maintain the safe use of the system equipment.
The composition of the solar photovoltaic system:
1. Solar panels
    The solar panel is the core part of the solar photovoltaic system. The function of the solar panel is to convert the light energy of the sun into electrical energy, and then output direct current to be stored in the battery. Solar panels are one of the most important components in solar photovoltaic systems, and their conversion rate and service life are important factors that determine whether solar cells have use value.
2. Controller
    The solar controller is composed of a dedicated processor CPU, electronic components, displays, switching power tubes, etc.
3. Battery
    The function of the accumulator is to store the electric energy generated by the solar panel when there is light, and then release it when needed.
4. Inverter
    The direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. In order to provide electrical energy to 220VAC electrical appliances, the DC power generated by the solar photovoltaic system needs to be converted into AC power, so a DC-AC inverter is required.